Effect of psychoeducation on self-esteem and self-efficacy among college students

Authors suggest efforts are needed to further explore the usefulness and utilization of psychoeducation at the community and professional levels as applied to various settings and populations. In addition, if developed and implemented carefully, psychoeducational interventions have promising application on other life challenges across levels of the public health, social, and educational systems. This quasiexperimental three group pre-test post-test study aims to investigate the effect of psychoeducation on the self-esteem and self-efficacy of college students. A total of 105 college students (35 subjects per group) who were enrolled at Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines were included as sample. Sampling technique was purposive. The Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and Schwarzer's General Selfefficacy Scale were used as data gathering tools. A self-made psychoeducational module that was validated by experts in mental health and psychiatric nursing was utilized as intervention. SPSS version 20 was used for the statistical analysis. The results on the post-test scores of both treatment arms (informational and comprehensive model) were significantly higher compared to control group after eight sessions of psychoeducation. The researchers therefore conclude that both psychoeducation models (informational and comprehensive) showed evidence of effectiveness in increasing the self-esteem and self-efficacy levels of college students. 

Effect of psychoeducation on self-esteem and self-efficacy among college students

Authors suggest efforts are needed to further explore the usefulness and utilization of psychoeducation at the community and professional levels as applied to various settings and populations. In addition, if developed and implemented carefully, psychoeducational interventions have promising application on other life challenges across levels of the public health, social, and educational systems. This quasiexperimental three group pre-test post-test study aims to investigate the effect of psychoeducation on the self-esteem and self-efficacy of college students. A total of 105 college students (35 subjects per group) who were enrolled at Saint Louis University, Baguio City, Philippines were included as sample. Sampling technique was purposive. The Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale and Schwarzer's General Selfefficacy Scale were used as data gathering tools. A self-made psychoeducational module that was validated by experts in mental health and psychiatric nursing was utilized as intervention. SPSS version 20 was used for the statistical analysis. The results on the post-test scores of both treatment arms (informational and comprehensive model) were significantly higher compared to control group after eight sessions of psychoeducation. The researchers therefore conclude that both psychoeducation models (informational and comprehensive) showed evidence of effectiveness in increasing the self-esteem and self-efficacy levels of college students. 

Development and Validation of the Emergency Department Geriatric Readmission Assessment at Yale (ED GRAY): Part 2, Prognostic Accuracy.

Objective: The Emergency Department (ED) Geriatric Readmission Assessment (ED-GRAY) is a 16-item questionnaire we developed that can be used to evaluate the prognostic ability to determine if geriatric patients will recidivate to the ED, be admitted or die within 30 days. Methods: We conducted an observational prospective cohort study at a single academic urban university-affiliated hospital. Subjects (n=250) were consenting, non-critically ill, English-speaking adults older than 65 years and receiving care in the ED. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the ability to accurately predict the likelihood of a 30-day event: subsequent ED visit, hospitalization, or death. Results: 56 participants (22%) experienced at least one 30-day return visit or death. Greater disability as measured by the ED GRAY global disability was associated with an increased likelihood of an event (OR=1.7 for each 1-point worsening in severity; 95% CI 1.2, 2.5). In the multivariable model, prior ED visits (OR=2.7, 95% CI=1.4, 5.2), ED GRAY global score (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.0, 2.1), and age (OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.99, 1.07) were associated with a greater likelihood of a 30-day event. The fit of the multivariable model was good (Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of Fit test, p=0.85) and it provided good discrimination between those having and not having a 30-day event (AUROC=0.70). The predicted probability of a return visit ranged from 3–56%. Conclusions: ED GRAY demonstrated good predictive validity when combined with prior ED visits, poly-pharmacy and age.

Development and Validation of the Emergency Department Geriatric Readmission Assessment at Yale (ED GRAY): Part 1, Fundamental Measurement.

Objective: Our primary objective was to develop a reliable, valid, and efficient screening tool that measures recovery disability among geriatric patients for the Department of Emergency Medicine (ED) Geriatric Readmission Assessments (GRAY). Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical chart review and prospective data analysis of geriatric patients admitted to hospital from the emergency department that were discharged, admitted, or died at a single academic urban university-affiliated hospital to identify items for ED GRAY. Rasch analysis was then used to reduce items and construct an interval/ratio scale of physical and cognitive disabilities. Patients consisted of a cohort of consenting, non-critically ill, English-speaking adults older than 65 years and receiving care in the ED to reduce the number of items. Results: Rasch analyses resulted in infit and outfit statistics that eliminated redundant items or items that did not fit a unidimensional disability construct. From the 158 original items, sixteen items comprise the ED GRAY global health questionnaire, representing five sub-constructs: physical disability, cognitive disability, stress, depression, and isolation. All infit and outfit statistics for the global recovery disability score ranging from 1 (least healthy) to 5 (most healthy) were consistent with forming a unidimensional scale. Conclusions: Our study resulted in an objective measurement tool of physical and cognitive disability using Rasch analyses. This screening tool allows healthcare providers the ability to screen older ED patients on a continuum of risk, with high-risk patients being most likely to benefit from in-depth evaluation—e.g., comprehensive geriatric assessment—followed by intervention (when necessary).

Point-of-care utrasound use over six-month training period in Rwandan district hospitals

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an effective diagnostic technology in resource-limited settings. There is increasing interest in introducing ultrasound training in such environments, but few reports describing long-term follow-up and impact of a POCUS program in a resource-limited setting. We introduced a POCUS program in Rwanda, and sought to determine the number and type of ultrasounds performed, the impact of a remote quality assurance (QA) program, and the effect of POCUS on patient management. Methods: Seventeen Rwandan physicians underwent a ten-day training course in POCUS in Kigali, Rwanda. Post-course, participants tracked the ultrasounds they performed using a cloud-based storage system, recorded clinical impressions,and received periodic QA with on-site proctoring over a six-month follow-up. Remote QA to evaluate image quality was performed by five emergency ultrasound fellowshiptrained clinicians. Images were graded on a scale of 0­4. (0=no meaningful image, 2= adequate, 4= outstanding). Trainees also documented how POCUS changed clinical management. Results: Over six months, 1158 ultrasounds were performed and logged by fifteen participants at eleven regional hospitals. 590(50.9%) had matched images and interpretations available for review. Abdominal ultrasound was the most frequently performed application (19.7%), followed by liver (14.6%), obstetrics (14.5%), renal (12.4%),and spleen (11%). Across all applications, the mean score was 2.5 (SD± 0.11, 95% confidence interval, 2.39­2.54). Ultrasound result in a management change in 84% of cases. Major changes in management related to medication choice (42.4%), admission (30%), transfer to a higher level of care (28.1%), and performance of procedures (23.3%). Conclusions: During this six-month training program in Rwanda, participants used POCUS for a range of applications. The remote QA process captured 51% of ultrasounds performed. Of scans with QA, the average score was adequate to good. POCUS routinely changed clinical management. This study demonstrates the impact of POCUS in a resource-limited setting

Quem cala... consente!: a cultura da violência e a ética da psicanálise / If you don't speak up... You consent! - The culture of violence and the ethics of psychoanalysis

A lei, quando imposta pela força bruta ou simbólica gera a submissão e a exclusão. As autoras investigam o mecanismo de construção de leis e regras portadoras da violência através de duas vertentes: a visibilidade e a invisibilidade das estratégias de dominação. A psicanálise, ao pensar as relações que se estabelecem entre o sujeito e o seu objeto, a realidade psíquica e a realidade externa, a partir de uma racionalidade não dicotômica, instaura uma ética que afirma o compartilhamento e o compromisso do sujeito com o outro alteritário

Clínica em comunidades: um desafio contemporâneo / Psychoanalytical clinic with low-income community: a contemporary challenge

A clínica psicanalítica em comunidades apresenta-se como um campo novo de trabalho e pesquisa. As autoras relatam uma experiência de trabalho clínico e psicanalítico realizada num Posto de Saúde comunitário, pretendendo - através deste relato - apresentar uma proposta diversa dos modelos anteriormente constituidos

Estudio clínico de eficacia y tolerancia con sultamicilina fipexiam en procesos infecciosos de tratamiento ambulatorio / Clinic study of efficacy and toleration with sultamicilina fipeham in infectious process of ambulatory treatment

Se realizó un estudio abierto, multicéntrico, no comparativo donde se avaluó la eficacia y tolerancia de la combinación Ampicilina/Sulbatam por vía oral-Sultamicilina-(Fipexiam), en adultos y niños con infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior e inferior y con infeciones de piel y partes blandas, y adultos con Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica (EIP). El estudio reunió los investigadores de 73 Centros. Se trataron un total de 195 pacientes obteniéndose una efectividad global de 93.3 por ciento. De estos pacientes 84 presentaron Otitis media aguda, resultando curas clínicas en el 89.2 por ciento, 67 presentaron procesos orofaríngeos con curación en el 94 por ciento; en los casos con infecciones de piel y partes blandas, así como en las mujeres tratadas con (EIP) la curación clínica fue de 100 por ciento. Se reportaron efectos adversos en 10.9 por ciento, siendo las molestias gastrointestinales más resaltantes con 8.7 por ciento de los casos reportados, siendo menores a lo reportado por la literatura médica